What is age-related macular degeneration?
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye condition that typically affects people over 50 years old, with around one in seven people showing signs of it in one or both eyes. The condition affects a part of the retina called the macula, impacting the central vision and causing difficulty with seeing fine details. While it progresses slowly and does not usually cause sight loss, blindness can occur if the disease is left untreated. Here, we take a closer look at what the AMD is, the causes and symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options.
Causes of age-related macular degeneration
There are two main types of age-related macular degeneration, each of which has a different cause.
Dry AMD is the most common type, accounting for around 80% of cases. Its exact cause is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are thought to contribute to its development. It occurs when light-sensitive cells in the macula begin to break down and a membrane beneath the retina becomes damaged, causing a slow and gradual loss of vision.
Wet AMD is less common and typically leads to more severe vision loss. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels begin to grow beneath the retina, leaking fluid and blood. This creates a large blind spot in the middle of the field of vision.
Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration
The primary risk factor for age-related macular degeneration is age. However, smoking, high blood pressure and a diet high in saturated fat can also play a role in its development.
Symptoms of age-related macular degeneration
Common symptoms of AMD include:
- Blurry or fuzzy vision
- Difficulty recognising familiar faces or objects
- Difficulty driving or reading
- A dark area or blind spot in the central vision
- Straight lines appearing wavy
Diagnosis and treatment of age-related macular degeneration
If you notice any of the above symptoms, it’s important to find the best place for an eye test in your area as soon as possible. An experienced optometrist will perform a range of tests to assess the health of your eyes and diagnose the presence of macular degeneration.
Treatment is usually prescribed depending on your age, general health and the extent of the disease. Currently, there is no treatment for dry AMD, but you can access rehabilitation programs that help you to build visual skills and cope with the changes.
Those with wet AMD often require the injection of a medication called anti-VEGF into the eye. High levels of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) are associated with the formation of the abnormal blood vessels that lead to wet AMD, so this medication is used to combat the progression of the disease and stabilise vision. The injections are required periodically; your optician will discuss a schedule with you.
Monitor your eye health with The Eye Establishment
If you’re worried about your vision or you simply haven’t had a sight test for a while, it may be time to search for an optician in London and book an appointment. The Eye Establishment in Kensington is one of the best opticians for eye tests in the area, providing a comprehensive sight assessment as well as thorough checks on your eye health. We also stock a range of glasses and sunglasses that can be tailored to your prescription and visual needs. Book with us today.